Short answer
Gum disease is an infection of the gums caused mostly by plaque. In its early stage (gingivitis) it can often be reversed with good cleaning. If it advances (periodontitis), it can damage the bone that holds teeth in place. Treatment removes the plaque and tartar and helps you keep the gums healthy.
What is gum disease?
Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that builds up on teeth. If it is not removed, it can irritate and infect the gums. There are two main stages:
- Gingivitis: red, swollen gums that may bleed. It is often reversible with good cleaning.
- Periodontitis: the infection spreads below the gum line and can damage the bone supporting the teeth.
Signs to watch for
- Gums that are red, swollen or tender.
- Bleeding when you brush or floss.
- Bad breath that does not go away.
- Gums pulling back from the teeth.
- Loose teeth or a change in how your teeth fit together.
Gum disease can be painless in its early stages, so regular check-ups matter.
What raises the risk?
Poor cleaning, smoking, diabetes, some medications, hormonal changes and family history can all raise the risk.
How is it treated?
- Exam. The dentist or hygienist checks your gums and measures the small spaces (pockets) between teeth and gums.
- Cleaning. Plaque and tartar are removed from above and below the gum line. A deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) may be needed.
- Home care plan. You are shown how to clean your teeth and gums well.
- Follow-up. You return so the team can check healing and keep the gums healthy.
Advanced cases may need further treatment or a referral to a specialist.
Looking after your gums at home
- Brush twice a day with a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste.
- Clean between your teeth every day.
- Do not smoke.
- Keep regular dental visits.
Researchers have linked gum disease to other health conditions, and work in this area continues. If you have a condition such as diabetes, tell your dentist.
Frequently asked questions
- What causes gum disease?
- Mostly plaque that stays on the teeth and gum line. Smoking, diabetes and other factors can add to the risk.
- Can gum disease be reversed?
- Early gum disease (gingivitis) often can be. Advanced disease can be controlled, but damage to the bone is not usually reversible.
- Is treatment painful?
- The area can be numbed if needed. You may have some tenderness afterwards.
- How often will I need cleanings?
- People with gum disease often need more frequent visits. Your dentist will advise.
- Does gum disease affect other health?
- It has been linked to other conditions. Talk to your dentist and doctor about your own health.
Next step
If your gums are red, swollen or bleeding, read about the clinic's gum disease treatment or book a visit. Wetaskiwin Smiles is at 3600 56 St Unit 101, Wetaskiwin, AB T9A 3T5. Call (780) 396-4040 or request an appointment online.